Question - What is a base? Explain its properties and uses.

🧴Definition of Alkali🧴 

An alkali is a chemical substance. It turns red litmus paper blue and has a bitter taste.


A plain, unscented soap placed on a wooden board near the bathroom or sink, with a bit of foam nearby.

⚗️ Reaction with Acids ⚗️ 

Acids and alkalis are opposites. When they react with each other, they neutralize each other's effects. The acid cancels the effect of the alkali, and the alkali cancels the effect of the acid. As a result of this reaction, salt and water are formed. This reaction between acid and alkali is called a neutralization reaction.


A strong alkali kept in a laboratory, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or ammonia solution, appears as a white solid or liquid.

💧Reaction with Water💧

Alkalis produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water. Alkalis that dissolve in water are called bases. All acids produce H⁺(aq) ions and all alkalis produce OH⁻(aq) ions in water.


A pile of clean, wet clothes visible through the glass door of a washing machine.



🧪 Indicators 🧪 

When soap with alkaline properties is applied to a vegetable stain on clothes, the stain turns reddish-brown.


👃 Olfactory Indicators 👃 

Some substances change their smell slightly in acidic or alkaline mediums. These are called olfactory indicators.


🔩 Reaction with Metallic Oxides (Alkalis) 🔩

 Calcium hydroxide, an alkali, reacts with carbon dioxide to form salt and water. Thus, we conclude that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature, while metallic oxides are alkaline.


📏 pH Scale 📏

pH is an indicator derived from the German word "potenz," meaning "power." A scale has been developed to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, called the pH scale.



The pH scale ranges from 0 (high acidity) to 14 (high alkalinity). In simple terms, pH is a number that indicates whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. 

If the pH value is less than 7, the solution is acidic. If the pH value is more than 7, the solution is alkaline.

पॉपुलर सवाल

[Ampere] एम्पियर क्या है, इसकी परिभाषा, मानक परिभाषा एवम् प्रतीक

[Luminous Intensity] ज्योति तीव्रता किसे कहते हैं? इसकी परिभाषा, मात्रक, विमा, सूत्र एवम् संकेत

[Solid angle] घन कोण क्या है, इसकी परिभाषा तथा सूत्र एवम् संकेत

सार्थक अंक क्या होते हैं, कैसे निकालते हैं, परिभाषा,नियम और उदाहरण (Significant Figure)

[Luminous Flux] ज्योति फ्लक्स क्या है, किसे कहते हैं, इसकी परिभाषा, मात्रक, सूत्र एवम् प्रतीक

मीटर की परिभाषा [ definition of Meter ]

धारा रेखी प्रवाह [Stream line flow]

[Mole] मोल की परिभाषा, संकेत एवम् मानक परिभाषा

निरपेक्ष त्रुटि क्या होती है? इसकी परिभाषा, मात्रक तथा सूत्र

विमा, विमीय सूत्र, विमीय समीकरण [Dimensions, Dimensional Formula, Dimensional Equation]